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Istanbul University ((トルコ語:İstanbul Üniversitesi)) is a prominent Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in the Fatih district, on the European side of the city. == History == Istanbul University was established in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.〔(Istanbul University: History )〕 However, Richard Honig, a German law historian, who claims that Byzantine and Ottoman traditions could be analyzed together, expressed that the history of Istanbul University can be traced back to 1 March 1321.〔(Istanbul University School of Business Administration: History )〕 The university, which was first established in today's main building, was equivalent to Roman universities consisting of schools of medicine, law, philosophy and letters, and is considered to be the pioneer of university education in Istanbul.〔 It was founded as an institution of higher education named the ''Darülfünûn'' (House of Multiple Sciences) on 23 July 1846; but the ''Medrese'' (Islamic theological school) which was founded immediately after Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 is regarded as the precursor to the ''Darülfünûn'' which evolved into Istanbul University in 1933.〔Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): ''A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945)'', Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, p. 687〕 Education in a number of sciences and fields (such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, history, philosophy, religion, literature, philology, law, etc.) became available, and, until the 19th century, they were instrumental in educating the ruling cadres of the Ottoman society. However, when the medreses were no longer able to meet the needs of the modern world, a restructuring process began, and as a result, the institutions of higher education called ''Darülfünûn'', the core of Istanbul University, was established. An institution of higher education named the ''Darülfünûn-u Osmanî'' (Ottoman House of Sciences) was created in 1863, but suppressed in 1871.〔 Its first rector was Hasan Tahsini, regarded as one of the most important Ottoman scholars of the 19th century. In 1874 the Imperial University (''Darülfünûn-u Sultanî'') started classes in law in French, but was closed in 1881.〔 The Imperial University, now known as ''Darülfünûn-u Şahâne'' was refounded in 1900, with the departments of theology, arts, mathematics, science and philology.〔 In 1924, the faculties of law, medicine, arts and sciences were established in Istanbul University (''İstanbul Darülfünûnu''), as the university was now called.〔 Islamic theology was added in 1925, but in 1933 the university was reorganized without the latter.〔 The first modern Applied Physics courses were given at the ''Darülfünûn'' on 31 December 1863, which marked the beginning of a new period, and on 20 February 1870, the school was renamed as the ''Darülfünûn-u Osmanî'' (Ottoman House of Multiple Sciences) and reorganized to meet the needs of modern sciences and technologies. Starting from 1874, some classes of Literature, Law and Applied Sciences were given at the building of Galatasaray High School, which continued regularly until 1881. On 1 September 1900, the school was renamed and reorganized as the ''Darülfünûn-u Şahâne'' (Imperial House of Multiple Sciences) with courses on Mathematics, Literature and Theology. On 20 April 1912, the school was renamed as the ''İstanbul Darülfünûnu'' (Istanbul House of Multiple Sciences) while the number of courses were increased and the curricula were modernized with the establishment of the Schools of Medicine, Law, Applied Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics), Literature and Theology. On 21 April 1924, the Republic of Turkey recognized the ''İstanbul Darülfünûnu'' as a state school, and on 7 October 1925, the administrative autonomy of ''İstanbul Darülfünûnu'' was recognized while the ''Schools'' (within the old Medrese system) became modern ''Faculties''. On 1 August 1933, ''İstanbul Darülfünûnu'' was reorganized as ''İstanbul Üniversitesi'' (Istanbul University) following the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Classes officially began on 1 November 1933. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Istanbul University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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